What happens to much of the electron energy deposited in the x-ray target?

When high-energy electrons strike the x-ray target, a significant portion of their kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy, resulting in heat. This process occurs because the rapid deceleration of the electrons as they interact with the target material generates heat through a phenomenon known as "Bremsstrahlung" radiation, as well as through direct collisions with the target atoms.

The vast majority of the energy input in these interactions does not contribute to x-ray production; rather, it becomes thermal energy. This is why x-ray tubes require efficient cooling systems to manage the heat generated and prevent damage to the equipment. Understanding that the conversion of electron energy to heat is a primary outcome of these interactions is essential in the field of medical dosimetry, as it impacts both the functioning of x-ray machines and the safety protocols surrounding their use.