How do energy losses and radiative collisions vary when electrons are stopping in a medium?

When discussing how energy losses and radiative collisions behave as electrons stop in a medium, it's important to consider the relationship with the atomic number (Z) of the material. The correct answer indicates that these energy losses are related to the atomic number squared (Z^2).

This is grounded in the understanding of how electrons interact with the medium through processes such as ionization and radiative losses. The amount of energy lost by electrons is influenced by the density and atomic number of the atoms in the medium. As the atomic number increases, the likelihood of interactions that result in energy loss, both through ionization and the emission of radiation, tends to increase proportionally to Z^2.

Additionally, as electrons pass through a material, they undergo numerous collisions, which can lead to energy being lost as they ionize atoms. The radiative energy loss, particularly at high energies, is significant, and the increase in atomic number amplifies this loss due to enhanced electromagnetic interactions. This phenomenon reflects the fact that heavier elements have more protons, leading to a stronger electromagnetic force that interacts with the electrons.

In summary, characterizing energy losses as a function of Z squared aligns with established theoretical models and empirical observations in the field of medical dosimetry,